What are the functions of the accessory organs/glands in the digestive system? ------
CORRECT ANSWER--------o The salivary glands, liver and gall bladder, and the
pancreas aid the processes of ingestion, digestion, and absorption. These accessory
organs of digestion play key roles in the digestive process. Each of these organs either
secretes or stores substances that pass through ducts into the alimentary canal.
Describe the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. ------
CORRECT ANSWER--------o Carbohydrates are the quickest, and fats are the slowest.
Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are digested in the intestine, where they are broken
down into their basic units: Carbohydrates into sugars. Proteins into amino acids.
What is bile? How does it work? ------CORRECT ANSWER--------o Bile is a yellowishgreen liquid that hepatic cells continuously secrete. It contains water, bile salts, bile
pigments, cholesterol, and electrolytes. The bile salts in it work to emulsify fats as well
as help absorb fatty acids, cholesterol, and fat-soluble vitamins.
What types of cells provide our immunity? ------CORRECT ANSWER--------T cells and B
cells
What is the function of lymph? ------CORRECT ANSWER--------filters the blood by
removing toxins
How does stress affect immunity? ------CORRECT ANSWER--------o When we're
stressed, the immune system's ability to fight off antigens is reduced. That is why we
are more susceptible to infections. The stress hormone corticosteroid can suppress the
effectiveness of the immune system (e.g. lowers the number of lymphocytes)
Compare and contrast passive versus active immunity. ------CORRECT ANSWER--------
o Passive immunity: temporary immunity obtained via antibodies; no antigen exposure;
no immune response is evoked by person's immune system
o Active immunity: permanent immunity obtained via antigen contact; immune response
is evoked, and memory B cells are produced
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